Unsupervised deep learning model for correcting Nyquist ghosts of single-shot spatiotemporal encoding.

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Abstract

To design an unsupervised deep learning (DL) model for correcting Nyquist ghosts of single-shot spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) and evaluate the model for real MRI applications.The proposed method consists of three main components: (1) an unsupervised network that combines Residual Encoder and Restricted Subspace Mapping (RERSM-net) and is trained to generate a phase-difference map based on the even and odd SPEN images; (2) a spin physical forward model to obtain the corrected image with the learned phase difference map; and (3) cycle-consistency loss that is explored for training the RERSM-net.The proposed RERSM-net could effectively generate smooth phase difference maps and correct Nyquist ghosts of single-shot SPEN. Both simulation and real in vivo MRI experiments demonstrated that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art SPEN Nyquist ghost correction method. Furthermore, the ablation experiments of generating phase-difference maps show the advantages of the proposed unsupervised model.The proposed method can effectively correct Nyquist ghosts for the single-shot SPEN sequence.© 2023 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.