[Object Detection Model Utilizing Deep Learning to Identify Retained Surgical Gauze in the Body on Postoperative Radiography: Phantom Study].

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Abstract

Foreign bodies such as a surgical gauze can be retained in the body after surgery and in some cases cannot be detected by postoperative radiography. The aim of this study was to develop an object detection model capable of postsurgical detection of retained gauze in the body. The object detection model used deep learning using abdominal radiographs, and a phantom study was performed to evaluate the ability of the model to automatically detect retained surgical gauze.The object detection model was constructed using a Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) 300. In total, 268 abdominal phantom images were used: 180 gauze images were used as training data, 20 gauze images were used as validation data, and an additional 34 gauze images and 34 nongauze images were used as test data. To evaluate the performance of the object detection model, a confusion matrix was created and the accuracy and sensitivity were calculated.True-positive (TP) rate, true-negative (TN) rate, false-positive (FP) rate, and false-negative (FN) rate were 0.92, 1.00, 0.00, and 0.08, respectively. Accuracy was 0.96, and sensitivity was 0.92.The object detection model could detect surgical gauze on abdominal phantom images with a high accuracy and sensitivity.