iEEG-recon: A Fast and Scalable Pipeline for Accurate Reconstruction of Intracranial Electrodes and Implantable Devices.

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Abstract

Clinicians use intracranial EEG (iEEG) in conjunction with non-invasive brain imaging to identify epileptic networks and target therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy cases. Our goal was to promote ongoing and future collaboration by automating the process of “electrode reconstruction,” which involves the labeling, registration, and assignment of iEEG electrode coordinates on neuroimaging. We developed a standalone, modular pipeline that performs electrode reconstruction. We demonstrate our tool’s compatibility with clinical and research workflows and its scalability on cloud platforms.We created iEEG-recon, a scalable electrode reconstruction pipeline for semi-automatic iEEG annotation, rapid image registration, and electrode assignment on brain MRIs. Its modular architecture includes: a clinical module for electrode labeling and localization, and a research module for automated data processing and electrode contact assignment. To ensure accessibility for users with limited programming and imaging expertise, we packaged iEEG-recon in a containerized format that allows integration into clinical workflows. We propose a cloud-based implementation of iEEG-recon and test our pipeline on data from 132 patients at two epilepsy centers using retrospective and prospective cohorts.We used iEEG-recon to accurately reconstruct electrodes in both electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) cases with a 30-minute running time per case (including semi-automatic electrode labeling and reconstruction). iEEG-recon generates quality assurance reports and visualizations to support epilepsy surgery discussions. Reconstruction outputs from the clinical module were radiologically validated through pre- and post-implant T1-MRI visual inspections. We also found that our use of ANTsPyNet deep learning-based brain segmentation for electrode classification was consistent with the widely used Freesurfer segmentations.iEEG-recon is a robust pipeline for automating reconstruction of iEEG electrodes and implantable devices on brain MRI, promoting fast data analysis, and integration into clinical workflows. iEEG-recon’s accuracy, speed, and compatibility with cloud platforms makes it a useful resource for epilepsy centers worldwide.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.