COVID 19 Pandemic, Socio-Economic Behaviour and Infection Characteristics: An Inter-Country Predictive Study Using Deep Learning.
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Abstract
This work aims to develop a data driven multi-horizon incidence forecasting model considering the inter-country variability in static socio-economic factors. The specific objectives of this study are to predict the future country-wise COVID 19 incidences, to locate the influences of individual socio-economic factors on the predictions, to analyze the clusters of countries on the basis of influential explanatory variables and thus to search for intra-cluster and inter-cluster characteristics. To that respect this study has used the deep neural network based temporal fusion transformer for the predictions, Pearson correlation to understand the influence of socio-economic variables on incidence and hierarchical clustering for cluster-analysis. The findings conclude that the inter-country infection related predictions vary widely over spatio-temporal variability and different socio-economic variables have different influences over this inter-country variability. It is observed that greater the population size, stronger the global connectedness, larger the social cohesion, higher the population density and meaningful the gender based discrimination higher will be the future spread. On the other hand greater the development level, higher the nutritional status, greater the access to quality health services, greater the urban population and greater the material poverty lesser will be the future spread. Definite spatial pattern of influence of the explanatory variables emerged from cluster analysis. To minimize the vulnerability towards unforeseen biological calamities modern and sustainable development policies are needed; affluence may not guarantee less infection. But these policies should vary between economies due to the variation in socio-economic status of the countries worldwide.© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021.